Hereditary Eye Conditions: What You Should Know if Your Family Has a History of Vision Problems

27 November 2025

Visual health doesn’t depend solely on habits; it’s also influenced by genetics. When there’s a family history of glaucoma, high myopia, early cataracts, or macular degeneration, the risk of developing these conditions increases significantly. That’s why knowing your family history is a powerful tool for early prevention.

Which conditions are commonly inherited?

Glaucoma: One of the clearest examples. If a parent or sibling has glaucoma, the risk of developing it doubles. Glaucoma occurs when pressure inside the eye increases and damages the optic nerve. It’s a silent condition with no symptoms at the beginning, so consistent monitoring is essential.

Myopia and high myopia: The genetic predisposition is very strong. Myopia causes blurry distance vision because the eye is longer or the cornea is more curved. In high myopia, the prescription is very elevated, increasing the risk of complications like glaucoma or retinal detachment. If both parents are myopic, the likelihood of inheriting this condition rises significantly.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): This condition has a strong hereditary component, especially when it occurs in close family members. It affects the macula—the part of the retina responsible for detailed vision—and can cause blurred or distorted central vision.

Strabismus: Some types have a genetic basis. Strabismus occurs when the eyes are not properly aligned, which can lead to double vision or reduced vision in one eye if not treated early.

Early-onset cataracts: Although cataracts are common with aging, some can appear earlier due to hereditary factors. They involve clouding of the natural lens of the eye, causing blurry vision and light sensitivity.

When should you be more alert?

• If you have immediate family members with glaucoma, you should have annual check-ups starting at age 35–40, or earlier if your specialist recommends it.
• If you come from a family with high myopia, monitoring progression from adolescence is important.
• If there is a history of macular degeneration, maintaining a healthy lifestyle—avoiding smoking, protecting your eyes from the sun, and good nutrition—is key, along with early examinations.
• If you notice subtle changes in your vision and know there’s a family history, don’t ignore them.

Why is it so important to know your family history?

Because it allows your specialist to tailor your evaluations, detect changes before symptoms appear, and take preventive measures. Genetics can’t be changed—but we can stay ahead.