Eye bleeding

03 March 2025

Eye bleeding is defined as the presence of blood in any part of the eye and can manifest itself in different ways and with varying levels of severity. In its most common presentation, subconjunctival hemorrhage, the accumulation of blood is observed under the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye. Although its appearance may be alarming, this type of bleeding is generally benign and tends to resolve on its own in a few days or weeks without the need for invasive medical treatment. However, when the bleeding is located in other structures or in greater quantity, such as in the vitreous or retina, the situation becomes more complex and can significantly affect vision.

The origin of eye bleeding can be related to both direct trauma to the eye, which damages blood vessels, and to underlying medical conditions that compromise the integrity of these vessels. High blood pressure, increased pressure on small vessels, and diabetes, through complications such as diabetic retinopathy, are two of the most frequent causes. In addition, blood clotting disorders, whether due to the use of anticoagulant medications or hereditary disorders, can also predispose the patient to this type of bleeding.

Symptoms vary depending on the location of the bleeding. In cases of subconjunctival hemorrhage, the most obvious manifestation is the appearance of a red spot on the sclera, the white part of the eye, which is generally not associated with pain or vision disturbances. In contrast, when bleeding occurs in the vitreous or retina, vision may be affected, with abrupt blurred vision, the perception of flashes, or the appearance of floaters, which are small moving spots in the visual field. These symptoms, added to possible discomfort or a sensation of a foreign body, indicate the need for a detailed medical evaluation.

Treatment depends largely on the cause and extent of the bleeding. In the case of a subconjunctival hemorrhage, intervention beyond relief measures, such as the use of artificial tears to reduce irritation, is usually not required, as the condition tends to resolve spontaneously. On the other hand, deeper or more extensive bleeding, such as that affecting the vitreous or retina, may require more complex medical interventions. These include surgical procedures, such as vitrectomy, or laser treatments and antiangiogenic medications, aimed at controlling abnormal vessel proliferation and minimizing visual damage. It is equally crucial to treat and control underlying systemic conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes, to prevent recurrences.