Why does vision change with age?

30 October 2025

Throughout life, our eyes—just like the rest of our body—undergo natural transformations. These changes can affect how we see, the sharpness of images, and even our ability to focus on objects that are near or far. Understanding why this happens is key to protecting eye health and detecting any alterations early.

Eye aging is a natural process

As the years go by, the tissues of the eye lose flexibility and regenerative capacity. The crystalline lens—the eye’s natural internal lens responsible for focusing images—becomes less elastic and more opaque. This process, known as presbyopia, usually begins to appear around age 40, when reading up close or using a cellphone without extending it becomes difficult.

In addition, tear production may decrease, leading to dry eyes, a gritty sensation, or occasional blurred vision.

Common changes at each stage

Between ages 40 and 60:

• Presbyopia (farsightedness due to aging) appears.

• Greater light is needed for reading or working.

• Eye fatigue may occur with prolonged screen use.

After age 60:

• The risk of cataracts increases—an opacity of the crystalline lens that affects visual clarity.

• The likelihood of developing glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) also rises; both conditions can threaten vision if not detected early.

• Visual reflexes become slower, and contrast sensitivity decreases, which may affect night driving.

The role of habits and prevention

Although aging is inevitable, there’s much we can do to maintain good vision for longer.

Practical tips include:

• Having an annual eye exam, especially after age 40.

• Using sunglasses with UV protection.

• Maintaining a diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins A, C, and E, and omega-3 fatty acids.

• Avoiding tobacco, as it accelerates eye damage.

• Controlling systemic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension, which can also affect eye health.